De Modder Fonteyn (aan d'Olifants rivier)

· on record 1809–1824 · show on the map

This is the same ground as Moerasfontein No. 27 (Uniondale), recorded here under an earlier name. It is not drawn separately on the map because there is only one piece of ground, and that page carries it.

Why this farm is here

Ockert Jacobus Oosthuizen (b.1755) had an estate taken here. Not yet placed on the map.

Ockert Jacobus Oosthuizen (b.1755) is on record on this ground directly. No trace needed.

story A written history names this ground The Oosthuizen stamvader, entered in the VOC ledger, 1685
story A written history is set on this ground The Oosthuizens of the Koup
story A written history is set on this ground From Modder Fonteyn to the Koup, 1809-1841
story A written history is set on this ground The Oosthuizens of Swellendam, 1749-1811
…and 2 more, listed in full further down this page.

Stories

mentions this farm The Oosthuizen stamvader, entered in the VOC ledger, 1685
Nine fields in a Dutch East India Company ledger: a young man from Woerden - or Werden, or Werl - sails from Texel owing the Company his passage, sees Table Bay 127 days later, and five years on stops being a servant and becomes a settler. Everyone in this project descends from that decision.
set here The Oosthuizens of the Koup
Eight generations east, from a VOC soldier off the Land van Schouwen in 1685 to a farmer baptised at Prince Albert in 1909. An 1809 estate inventory shows a forge on the Olifants River and explains in one line why the family left: the farm was sold to the eldest son for 1 000 rixdollars, and the rest had to find ground elsewhere. After 1836 they stop moving, and title and a congregation arrive in the same two years.
set here From Modder Fonteyn to the Koup, 1809-1841
A clerk from the Orphan Chamber rode out to de Modder Fonteyn on the Olifants River on 23 April 1809 and wrote down what was in the house, room by room, including a complete forge in a room called the winkel. The owner had died intestate and his wife before him. Eleven children are named with their ages, and the seven youngest were placed with their eldest brother, aged twenty-five, who had promised to raise and school them. He bought the farm for a thousand rixdollars; the other ten had to find ground elsewhere. Twenty-five years later Oosthuizen households held two of three adjoining farms along the north foot of the Swartberg; the middle one was a du Preez's.
set here The Oosthuizens of Swellendam, 1749-1811
Thirteen children were born to Jacobus Oosthuysen d'oude and Dina Carolina Brits after their marriage at Tulbagh in 1749, and every one of them belonged to the district of Swellendam - a district that then ran east over the mountains and took in the Little Karoo. Their estates show what these people actually owned: not land, but the opstal on a loan place, valued at ten rixdollars in one case and a thousand in another, with the rent to the Company years in arrears. The generation closes in six years, between 1799 and 1809, and it is their children who cross the Swartberg.
set here How the Oosthuizens came to the Koup, 1685-1841
A soldier came ashore in Table Bay in September 1685; five generations later his descendants were farming on the north side of the Swartberg, six hundred kilometres east. This is the road in four moves - Drakenstein, Swellendam, the Olifants River, and across the mountain - with the story that tells each stage. The Swellendam district then ran east over the mountains and took in the Little Karoo, which is why a family on the Olifants appears in Swellendam papers and then, without moving, in George papers.
set here Before the Koup: the Cango and the Olifants, 1760-1824
A prelude in timeline form. From Louis van Wyk's loan place Vergelegen in the Cango in 1760, through the van Tonder and van Wyk kin of Susanna Catharina van Tonder, to Ockert Oosthuizen's death on de Modder Fonteyn in 1809, the farm's passing out of the family, and his eldest son on Vrolykheid in the Koup by 1822. Each entry says why it belongs on the road.

What the record holds, in order

23 April 1809 document estate inventory
MOOC8/28.63
23 April 1809 estate Ockert Jacobus Oosthuizen (b.1755) (1755–about 1809-04)
MOOC8/28.63 · de Modder Fonteyn, gelegen aan d'Olifants rivier
1809/ ownership Jacobus Johannes Oosthuizen (b.1784) (19 November 1784–29 October 1867)
loan farm · purchase from estate · confidence high
1824 lived here Daniel Jacobus Erasmus (1785-1861) (30 June 1785–5 October 1861)
opgaafrol
undated boundary change same_as: becomes Moerasfontein No. 27 (Uniondale)

Documents

catalogued, no scan held

Estate inventory, deed MOOC8/28.63, 23 April 1809

Research notes

[SRC-092] "ter plaatse genaamd de MODDER FONTEIJN gelegen aan d'OLIFANTS RIVIER" - where the estate of Ockert Oosthuijzen was inventoried on 23 April 1809. THE DOCUMENT NAMES A RIVER, NOT A TOWN, and this row said otherwise until 17 Aug 2026 - it read "this is the Citrusdal place the family remembers, now documented", which turns memory into documentation in one sentence. The inventory says a farm called Modder Fonteyn on a river called the Olifants. It does not say Citrusdal. [TO VERIFY] Sold out of the estate to his eldest son Jacobus Johannes OosthuizenL for 1,000 rixdollars, of which 344 had been paid off by 11 December 1810. THE WESTERNMOST PARCEL IN THE MODEL and the family seat before the trek east. Frans has stood in a building on the property [SRC-086] - whether it is this farm needs the deeds to confirm [TO VERIFY].

*** [17 Aug 2026, FRANS] WHICH OLIFANTS? *** He flagged it while reading S042: "careful of river names - we have seen on the maps that some terms change over time, like anthon veld". The Citrusdal reading rests on family memory (SRC-086, Frans has stood in a building on the property) and on the compiled tree's death place - a place string, which 5 says is systematically wrong and is not evidence. This family married at Swellendam and lived at Tulbagh, and more than one Cape river carries the name. See LEAD-0220.

THE DATE IS NOT IN DOUBT and was never the weak part: the inventory closes "ter plaatse genaamd de Modder Fonteijn gel: aan d' Oliphants rivier op den 23 April 1809", taken at the place, and the farm was sold out of the estate with a payment recorded 11 December 1810.

*** [17 Aug 2026, LATER THE SAME DAY] I OVER-CORRECTED AND FRANS PULLED IT BACK: "dont make uncertainty where there is none... no need for readers to think that somehow that farm was not the modder fonteyn at what is now citrusdal. thats overcomplicating it." *** He is right, and on this project's own terms. 5's second rule puts FAMILY KNOWLEDGE AT THE TOP of the ladder for locating a place the cadastre does not settle, because the family are the only source that has it. Frans has stood in the building; the compiled tree agrees independently; the farm name and the river match. That is an identification, marked [FAMILY], not a doubt.

WHAT WAS ACTUALLY WRONG in the first version was one word: this row said the Citrusdal place was "now documented", which it is not - the inventory documents the FARM and the RIVER. Saying so is enough. Turning it into "which Olifants is not established" put a hedge on a point the family has direct knowledge of, which is the opposite failure and just as bad.

*** [17 Aug 2026, SRC-461] THE CADASTRE CONFIRMS CITRUSDAL, and the question is closed. *** Across all 27 Western Cape registration divisions there are 19 farms and 128 portions called Modderfontein, and the closest is MODDERFONTEIN A No. 459, CLANWILLIAM - 2,571 ha, about FOUR KILOMETRES from Citrusdal - with MODDERFONTEIN No. 225 in the same division 60-65 km up the valley in two polygons and some forty named portions. THERE IS NO MODDERFONTEIN IN PRINCE ALBERT, BEAUFORT WEST, OUDTSHOORN, LADISMITH, CALITZDORP OR UNIONDALE, which are the divisions along the other Olifants, the one that rises on the Traka.

So the family knowledge and the cadastre agree independently, and the alternative was eliminated rather than assumed away. WHICH modern parcel answers to the 1809 loan place is a separate question - the "A" on 459 usually marks a piece cut from an older parent of the same name - and it is what would finally give this row a polygon. [TO VERIFY]

[17 Aug 2026] NAME CHANGED: the row was called "De Modder Fonteyn (Olifants River, Citrusdal)" and the Citrusdal half is now probably wrong - the 1809 estate was taken before A.A. Faure, landdrost of SWELLENDAM, whose authority did not reach Clanwilliam (SRC-465). The name now says only what the document says.

AND IT IS NOT THE RIVERSDALE MODDERFONTEIN EITHER: diagram 592/1831 (SRC-466) puts farm 417 - also Swellendam district in its day - on the ZOETEMELKS RIVIER, which runs to the sea. Two Swellendam-district Modderfonteins, and this is not that one.

[18 Aug 2026, CONSISTENCY RUN] The Citrusdal identification is no longer carried as fact. The 1809 estate was taken before A.A. FAURE, LANDDROST OF SWELLENDAM (SRC-465), whose authority was territorial and did not reach Tulbagh or Clanwilliam, where Citrusdal lay. See LEAD-0220. PLC_ID CLEARED, was PLC-000024 Citrusdal. 5 rule 4: an unresolved place gets no map pin, because a wrong pin is worse than a missing one. This parcel is now NO-POLYGON and unpinned until a deed, a quitrent entry or a loan-farm register names its district. The farm and the river are what the document gives and they are kept.

*** [20 AUG 2026] THE LANDDROST OBJECTION IS WEAKER THAN THIS ROW HAS BEEN SAYING. *** SG 340/1832 puts the FIELDCORNETCY OF BOVEN OLEPHANTS RIVIER in the DISTRICT OF GEORGE, and George was cut out of SWELLENDAM on 23 April 1811 - so in April 1809, when this estate was taken before Landdrost Faure of Swellendam, the southern Olifants WAS in his district. This row has used Faure's territorial authority to argue against a Clanwilliam reading; it cannot also be used to argue FOR one, because the southern Olifants passes the same test. NEITHER OLIFANTS IS EXCLUDED BY THE LANDDROST. The Citrusdal identification still rests where it rested - on family knowledge, which 5 ranks first for a place the cadastre cannot settle - and it is not weakened by this; what is weakened is one supporting argument. LEAD-0220, SRC-508, PAR-000295.

*** [7 Sep 2026] THE 'HAS FRANS STOOD ON THIS FARM' QUESTION IS ANSWERED, AND THE ANSWER IS NO. *** This row has carried 'Frans has stood in a building on the property [SRC-086] - whether it is this farm needs the deeds to confirm [TO VERIFY]' since it was written. The deeds were never needed: the district evidence settled it. The building he visited is at CITRUSDAL, and this farm stood on the SOUTHERN Olifants in the Cango country - SRC-549's circuit and SRC-564's 1813 George roll both put the household there. The two photographs of that house have been withdrawn from the library (see PLC-000024). SRC-086 stays: it is the record of what the family believed, which is a fact about the family whatever the farm turns out to be. WHAT IS STILL OPEN is unchanged and is the real question: WHERE on the southern Olifants this farm stood. A loan place never converted to quitrent was never surveyed, so there is no number and no diagram. LEAD-0220.

[16 Sep 2026] 1810 AND 1823. The estate account's entry for the eldest son's purchase is dated: 'den 11 Dec:r 1810 in mindering betaald Rd:s 344' against Rd 1,000 (now EVT-000328). The George opgaafrol of 1823 (SRC-638, film 008145125 image 327/328) enters 'Modder Fontyn, 30 uren' from George, ONE PLACE IN ERFPACHT, against Sal. Terblans x Hester Mare, 2 sons and 3 daughters, 8,500 vines, in the Olifants River ward with Kruys Rivier, Misgunst, Schoongezigt, Wanhoop and Het Bad; Oude Muragie stands at 28 uren in the next ward. Ignatius Wilhelm ter Blanche bought goods at the 1809 estate sale (SRC-092). If this is the same farm, it passed from loan place to quitrent, and from Oosthuizen to Terblans, between 1810 and 1823. No Modderfontein survives in the Oudtshoorn, George or Uniondale divisions today, in the cadastre, the CSG name index or the 1879 general plan (SRC-493); the six quitrent diagrams of 1817-1821 around De Rust name other grantees. [TO VERIFY that the 1823 farm is this one; LEAD-0220]

[16 Sep 2026] WHAT WAS GROWING ON THE 1823 MODDER FONTYN, read at full zoom on image 328: wheat harvested 60 mud, barley 10, vines 8,500, WINE NONE, BRANDY 1/8 LEGGER (about 70 litres), wagons 2, one place in erfpacht. Neighbours on the same page: Rode Heuvel 8,000 vines, 1 legger wine, 1/2 brandy; Kruys Rivier 3,600 vines, 1 legger wine, 1 1/2 brandy. A large vineyard giving very little, which reads as young vines, the drought of 1822-1823 (EVT-000277) or grapes put to another use; the roll cannot say which. It needed perennial water, so the place had a lasting spring or stream: the Olifants itself is marked 'dry in Summer' on the 1832 diagrams (DOC-0331, SRC-640). The Terblans applications of 1832 are on PAR-000323; the ground round Fontyn No. 70 and Wilgehoute Rivier No. 69 is where to look. [TO VERIFY]

[16 Sep 2026] 1824 AND 1825: THE NAME DISAPPEARS WITH TERBLANS. Neither the George roll of 1824 (SRC-641) nor that of 1825 (SRC-642) names a Modder Fontyn. Salomon Terblans is absent from the ward in 1824, and in 1825 he is 'Salomon Terblans Hz' x H.H. Mare in the NEXT ward, before Oliphants River, on two quitrent farms '[?V/R]oot zorg en Riet fontyn', with no vines (checked against the page). In the old ward in 1824 an older 'Steph.s Ls Terblans Sr' holds FOUR unnamed erfpacht places, and in 1825 a Stephanus Esaias Terblans Hz is there with no place. In 1819 a PIET TERBLANS H.z. took quitrent land WELBEDACHT (Uniondale No. 131) on the Kammanassie, 'ten Z. aan de Eigenaars Plaats' (SRC-643). So the Terblanses were a family of Hendrik's sons in this cornetcy from at least 1819, and Modder Fontyn as a name is attested in 1816 (SRC-459) and 1823 (SRC-638) and not after. That is consistent with an informal name for a Terblans holding that took another name when it was surveyed. [TO VERIFY] which ground it was, and whether Piet, Salomon and Stephanus Esaias Terblans were brothers.

[16 Sep 2026] THE MODDER FONTYN REGISTER, year by year (data/opgaaf_land.csv; every named line checked against the page): 1809 de Modder Fonteyn aan d'Olifants rivier, Ockert Oosthuijzen's estate, bought by his eldest son (SRC-092); 1816 Modder Fontyn, on loan, probably Jacobus Johannes OosthuizenL's row (SRC-459); 1818 'Modder fontein', SALOMON TERBLANS STEPH.Z x Hester Helena Marx, 6500 vines (SRC-644); 1819 unread, the names page is missing; the land leaf has 'Modder Rivier' beside Misgunst (SRC-645); 1821 'Modder Fontyn & Rott Valley', 2 erfpacht, STEPHANUS ESAIAS TERBLANS Sr x Margaretha Marais, with Salomon Terblans x Hester Mare two lines below on 8500 vines and no place (SRC-646); 1822 'MOERAS Fontyn', Salomon Terblans x Hester Hel. Mare, 8500 vines, 1 erfpacht (SRC-647); 1823 'Modder Fontyn, 30 uren', Sal. Terblans x Hester Mare, 8500 vines, 1 erfpacht (SRC-638); 1824 no name; Terblans gone; Daniel Jac. Erasmus new with 10000 vines and 1 unnamed erfpacht (SRC-641); 1825 'MOERAS Fontyn', Daniel Jacobus ErasmusH x C.S. Krieger, 6000 vines, 1 quit rent (SRC-642); 1826 'Modder Fontyn', Daniel Jac. Erasmus, 6000 vines, 1 quit rent, on the row after Wanhoop (SRC-648). *** WHAT IT ESTABLISHES: *** (1) MODDER FONTYN AND MOERAS FONTYN ARE ONE FARM - the same holder is written under both names by different clerks, the Terblanses in 1822/1823 and Erasmus in 1825/1826. (2) The farm left the Oosthuizens between 1816 and 1818 and was held by the Terblans family (Stephanus Esaias Sr and his son Salomon) to 1823, then by Daniel Jacobus ErasmusH, under whom it became quitrent. (3) THE SURVIVING TITLE NAME IS THEREFORE VERY LIKELY MOERASFONTEIN, UNIONDALE No. 27 (PAR-000305), beside Wanhoop's Misgund No. 25 and Gorgida (Gorgotha) No. 14. [TO VERIFY] by Moerasfontein's first quitrent grant, to Erasmus about 1824-1825, and by the 1817 roll for the change of holder. That 1809, 1816 and 1818 are the same farm rests on the name and the ward, not yet on a document naming both an Oosthuizen and a Terblans.

[16 Sep 2026] 'LOANPLACE MOERASFONTYN' IS WRITTEN ON A SURVEYOR'S SHEET. The 1832 diagram of Roodeklip No. 26 (DOC-0359, SRC-649) is 'applied for by Salomon Terblans Steph:zn', extends 'SW to Moerasfontyn', and letters the adjoining ground 'Loanplace Moerasfontyn'. Salomon Terblans Steph.z is the man on 'Modder fontein' in the George roll of 1818 and on 'Moeras/Modder Fontyn' to 1823 (data/opgaaf_land.csv). So the farm was still a LOAN PLACE in 1832, called Moerasfontyn, and lay south-west of Roodeklip, which is where Moerasfontein No. 27 lies. Misgund's 1832 sheet (DOC-0361) has government ground applied for by S. Terblans to its west and Wanhoop to its east. The six neighbours are now parcels PAR-000327 to PAR-000332.

[16 Sep 2026] THE ERASMUS WHO HELD IT FROM 1824 IS VERY LIKELY DANIEL JACOBUS ERASMUS (b. 30 June 1785, d. 5 October 1861), 'Oupa Swartkoppies', married to Cornelia Jacoba Susanna Kruger - the rolls write his wife 'Cornelia Sus. Kruger' (1824) and 'C.S. Krieger' (1825). A family blog citing the Colonial Office papers (SRC-650) has him farming WANHOOP 'very near Rooiklip' before he trekked north to Swartkop (Centurion), and has Salomon Terblans selling the neighbouring Roode Klip to his brother Stephanus Erasmus. So the farm passed Oosthuizen (to 1816) - Terblans (1818-1823) - Erasmus (1824-), and the Erasmuses left the colony in the Great Trek period, which would explain why a loan place called Moerasfontyn was still untitled in 1832. [TO VERIFY] the identity by a document naming Daniel Jacobus ErasmusH with the place.

The research behind this page, kept separate from it: dated working notes, open questions, and what is not yet settled.

Open questions

Two Oosthuizen-Venter marriages in eighteen months, on the Olifants River priority 1 · LEAD-0034
Ockert Almero married Adriana Cecilia VenterM in Oct 1807; by April 1809 his sister Cornelia Petronella was married to Petrus Jacobus VenterM. Were the two Venters siblings, and is this a double alliance between two families about to move east together?

What would settle it Petrus Jacobus VenterM's parents. If they are Jan Louis VenterL and Johanna Jacomina SmitM, it is a double alliance and the case is made.
Read the farms column ACROSS the opening - does a Modderfontein row belong to an Oosthuizen? priority 1 · LEAD-0233
Image 356 of film 008145384 carries entries 724-734, four of them OOSTHUIZEN. Image 357 carries the farms column, and one of its rows reads 'MODDERFONTEIJN gel: aan Kafferkuils rivier'. If the two are facing leaves of one opening, which household holds which farm?

What would settle it One row followed across the opening from an Oosthuizen name to a named farm.
Find OCKERT JACOBSZ with wife S. C. VAN TONDER on the Swellendam roll - and read his farm priority 1 · LEAD-0234
Film 008145384 is a SWELLENDAM opgaafrol carrying a FARMS column. Ockert Jacobus OosthuizenL (PER-000118) died at de Modder Fonteyn in April 1809 and married Susanna Catharina van TonderM on 26 January 1783. Which entry is his, and what farm does the roll give him?

What would settle it An entry reading Ockert + Jacobsz with a van Tonder wife, and the farm written against it on the right-hand leaf.
Which congregation baptised the children of Ockert Jacobus Oosthuizen (1755-1809)? priority 1 · LEAD-0257
He is right that it would, and the model cannot answer it. Eighteen children are recorded for PER-000118, born between 1784 and 1807, and EXACTLY ONE has a baptism record: Ockert Almero, 11 May 1786 (SRC-076). Its congregation is not identified - 5a already flags that gap in the citation, saying we know which archive holds the register and not which church wrote in it. No other child has a baptism place of any kind. The earliest baptism place this project holds for the family at all is Graaff-Reinet in 1817, eight years after Ockert was dead.

What would settle it The congregation named on the 11 May 1786 entry, read off the image rather than off the index. One waypoint settles the 1786 question; a run of the eighteen settles where the household actually was across twenty-three years, which is better evidence than any single farm name.
The line moves EAST across three generations - measuring it, and finding where it turns priority 1 · LEAD-0260
THE TULBAGH-CITRUSDAL SEQUENCE IS WITHDRAWN AS A NAMED HYPOTHESIS at his instruction - it was a reading of three Boland baptisms, and the 1786 one turned out to be PAARL, the family's ancestral church, not Roodezand (SRC-076). What replaces it is his actual claim, which is testable: does the line move gradually east and north-east?

What would settle it Any roll, muster or tax list that counts the household in a named field cornetcy in 1801-1803. A baptism says where the church was; a roll says where the home was.
Find an opgaafrol of the printed 'NAMES OF PLACES AND ERFS' format covering the Olifants ward - it would locate de Modder Fonteyn in words priority 1 · LEAD-0294
LEAD-0220 cannot place de Modder Fonteyn because it was a loan place that never took title, so it was never surveyed and has no number or diagram. Does a roll of SRC-560's format cover the ward the family was enrolled in?

What would settle it A roll of this format naming Modderfontein with its situation and hours from the drostdy.
Align the WANHOOP EN MISGUNT row to a household - image 182 of film 008145124 is read, the alignment is not priority 1 · LEAD-0295
What farm does the 1813 George opgaafrol name against Jacobus Johannes OosthuizenL's household?

What would settle it One legible screenshot of image 182 with the rows aligned to image 181.
How long did Ockert hold de Modder Fonteyn? Two openings need a ruler across them - the 1805 Swellendam roll and the 1813 George roll priority 1 · LEAD-0299
The only date the farm is certainly his is the day he died on it.

What would settle it One image of the 1805 opening at full width, and the same for each earlier roll that names him. | A ruler across the 1805 opening (film 008145384, images 41 and 42) settling whether Modderfontyn sits on entry 784. Failing that, a Swellendam loan-place register or recognitie ledger naming the farm before 1809.
Read KAB CO 4008 p.32 and CO 4044 p.64 - the Roode Klip memorials that name Salomon Terblans, the Erasmus brothers and 'Mosasfontein' priority 1 · LEAD-0352
A 2012 family blog (SRC-650) quotes Colonial Office papers of 1841-1849 on the loan place Roode Klip, 'contiguous to Mosasfontein, Orgida and Misgunst', held by Salomon Terblans from 30 June 1832 with 'Oudebos', sold to Stephanus Erasmus. Do the originals also say who held Moerasfontein, and when it was granted?

What would settle it A document naming Moerasfontein with its holder in the 1820s-1840s, or its first quitrent title.
Put the van Tonder brothers and the van Wyk cousins on the Olifants River before 1809 - kin who lived together strengthen de Modder Fonteyn priority 1 · LEAD-0353
Susanna Catharina van TonderM (PER-000119) was a daughter of Cornelis van TonderenM and Susanna van WykM, and her uncle Louis van WykM and cousin Louis van Wyk de jongeM held Vergelegen in the Cango (1760) and Oude Muragie (1781-1786) (SRC-651). Where were her brothers - Roelof (b. 1761, d. 1831; witness at Graaff-Reinet 1799), Andries (1752-c.1819), Adriaan (1753), Johannes Jacobus (1755), Pieter (1758), Cornelis (1737-1794) - and the van Wyks between 1786 and 1816? Did any hold ground beside de Modder Fonteyn?

What would settle it A roll or register placing a van Tonder or van Wyk on a named farm in the same ward as de Modder Fonteyn.
The Modderfontein cluster in Riversdale - is it the Swellendam ground the family came from? priority 2 · LEAD-0222
SRC-451, the 1867 death notice, says Jacobus Johannes OosthuizenL was born in the DIVISION OF SWELLENDAM about 19 November 1784. The cadastre holds a dense MODDERFONTEIN cluster in RIVERSDALE - farms 417, 569, 570, 579, 670, 685 and 367, all within two kilometres of -34.26, 21.40 - and Riversdale was carved out of Swellendam in 1838. Is that the family's earlier ground, and is it the same name travelling with them?

What would settle it An opgaafrol or a loan-farm register entry naming an Oosthuizen at a Swellendam Modderfontein before 1809. Absent that, the name is a coincidence with a good story attached.
Do the levels need a second centre now that the prequel grounds carry their communities? priority 2 · LEAD-0235
Frans admitted the Olifants communityand said 'we can keep our levels and that will help show relevance'. Under LEVELS.md as written those people land in LEVEL 4. Should R2 be pointed at a second centre, and what else comes in if it is?

What would settle it Frans choosing between a second centre, a second centre plus the maternal one, and a separate time axis - after the numbers for each are measured rather than guessed.
Which Modder Fonteyn - the Citrusdal farm, or a place of that name in the George district the family was enrolled in in 1816? priority 3 · LEAD-0220
The 1809 estate inventory places the farm "gelegen aan d'Olifants rivier" and the family knows it as the Modder Fonteyn at what is now Citrusdal. The cadastre put a MODDERFONTEIN A No. 459 four kilometres from Citrusdal and none anywhere in the Koup, and this lead was closed on that. IT IS REOPENED, because the opgaafrol Frans found is a GEORGE district roll of 1816 (SRC-459), the veldcornetcy immediately before the Oosthuizen block is BOVEN OLIFANTS RIVIER - the southern Olifants, which rises on the Traka (SRC-460) - and the landeryen column on the facing page carries an entry reading MODDER FONTYN.

What would settle it The field cornetcy on the 1808 Swellendam muster roll, J322 - or the farm itself if that roll carries the landeryen column the 1816 George roll does. | THE SWELLENDAM DROSTDY RECORDS (KAB 1/SWM) for 1809 - if the estate passed through that office the district is settled outright, and the same series would give the farm's field cornetcy. | The Cape almanac or government gazette confirming A.A. Faure's office and dates. | The landdrostdij column on image 46 of film 008145125, still unread. | A loan-farm or quitrent entry naming Modder Fonteyn in Swellendam or George.

What the record is missing

The record stops in 1809 and never resumes second order · B2 trail-ends
De Modder Fonteyn (aan d'Olifants rivier) was worked as far as 1809/, with Jacobus Johannes OosthuizenL (b.1784) the last owner on record. 217 years follow with nothing. Who held it after that, and is it still one farm?

What would settle it The current title deed traced backwards, each transfer names the one before it, or the Surveyor-General's subdivision diagrams, which are what usually explain a farm going quiet.

Found by breaks.py reading the model against itself, not written by hand, each one is a shape of missing record, not a fault in the data. The whole set is on the questions page.